相对三个原始 eNSP 工程的全部改动。类型说明:修正改错了的配置,补齐缺失的配置。
| # | 实验 | 设备 | 类型 | 内容 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mstp11 | LSW1 | 补齐 | 全部二层配置 + MSTP 域 + 实例 1 主根/实例 2 备根 |
| 2 | mstp11 | LSW2 | 补齐 | 全部二层配置 + MSTP 域 + 实例 2 主根/实例 1 备根 |
| 3 | mstp11 | LSW3 | 补齐 | 全部二层配置 + 边缘端口 + BPDU 保护 |
| 4 | mstp11 | AR3 | 修正 | LoopBack0 由 1.1.1.1 改为 3.3.3.3(原与 AR1 冲突) |
| 5 | mstp11 | AR1 | 修正 | OSPF network 100.1.1.0 → 100.100.100.0(原网段写错,宣告不生效) |
| 6 | mstp11 | AR2 | 修正 | 删除空子接口 GE0/0/1.10 |
| 7 | mstp11 | AR2 | 补齐 | ACL 2002 + nat outbound + 默认路由(原 PC2 完全不能上外网) |
| 8 | 20267月L3 | LSW1 | 补齐 | VLAN 100/200 + Access/Trunk + Eth-Trunk10 |
| 9 | 20267月L3 | LSW2 | 补齐 | VLAN 200/300 + Access/Trunk + Eth-Trunk10 |
| 10 | 20267月L3 | ISP | 补齐 | PPPoE Server(地址池 + CHAP 认证 + Virtual-Template) |
| 11 | 20267月L3 | AR1 | 补齐 | dialer-rule + Dialer0 的 dialer-group(缺这条 PPPoE 起不来) |
| 12 | 20267月L3 | AR1 | 修正 | ACL 2000 补上总部网段 192.168.100.0/24(原只有分部网段) |
| 13 | L3实操 | R2 | 补齐 | BGP 增加 network 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.248(原 PC1 到 PC3 不通) |
| 14 | L3实操 | SW1/SW2 | 补齐 | STP 根桥规划 + VRRP 上行链路跟踪 |
| 15 | L3实操 | SW2 | 修正 | 删除残留 port-group trunfka;修正两处 description 笔误 |
VLAN10 走 LSW1、VLAN20 走 LSW2 的双实例负载分担实验,含边缘端口、BPDU 保护、单臂路由与双出口 NAT 上网。
| 设备 | 接口 | 地址 |
|---|---|---|
| AR3 | GE0/0/0 | 100.100.100.2/30 |
| AR3 | LoopBack0 | 3.3.3.3/32 |
| AR1 | GE0/0/0 | 10.0.12.1/30 |
| AR1 | GE0/0/1.10 | 192.168.11.254/24(VLAN10 网关) |
| AR1 | GE0/0/2 | 100.100.100.1/30,NAT |
| AR1 | LoopBack0 | 1.1.1.1/32 |
| AR2 | GE0/0/0 | 10.0.12.2/30 |
| AR2 | GE0/0/1.20 | 192.168.22.254/24(VLAN20 网关) |
| AR2 | LoopBack0 | 2.2.2.2/32 |
| PC1 | — | 192.168.11.1/24,网关 .254,VLAN10 |
| PC2 | — | 192.168.22.1/24,网关 .254,VLAN20 |
huawei、修订级别 1,VLAN10→实例1、VLAN20→实例2;| 设备 | 改动 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| AR3 | LoopBack0 1.1.1.1 → 3.3.3.3 | 与 AR1 的 LoopBack0 地址重复,会导致 ping 测试指向错误设备 |
| AR1 | OSPF network 100.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 → network 100.100.100.0 0.0.0.3 | 原网段与接口 100.100.100.1/30 不匹配,该网段根本没进 OSPF |
| AR2 | 删除 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10 | 空子接口(无 vid、无地址),无意义 |
| AR2 | 新增 ACL 2002 + GE0/0/0 nat outbound + 默认路由 | 原配置 PC2 无出口,访问不了 100.100.100.2 |
| LSW1/2/3 | 全部二层与 MSTP 配置 | 原始工程三台交换机 flash 为空镜像,完全没配 |
system-view sysname AR3 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.252 interface LoopBack0 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
system-view sysname AR1 acl number 2001 rule 5 permit source 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.255 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.252 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10 dot1q termination vid 10 ip address 192.168.11.254 255.255.255.0 arp broadcast enable interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.252 nat outbound 2001 interface LoopBack0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 area 0.0.0.0 network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.3 network 100.100.100.0 0.0.0.3 network 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.255 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 100.100.100.2
system-view sysname AR2 acl number 2002 rule 5 permit source 192.168.22.0 0.0.0.255 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.252 nat outbound 2002 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20 dot1q termination vid 20 ip address 192.168.22.254 255.255.255.0 arp broadcast enable interface LoopBack0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 area 0.0.0.0 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.3 network 192.168.22.0 0.0.0.255 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.1
system-view sysname LSW1 vlan batch 10 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 stp mode mstp stp region-configuration region-name huawei revision-level 1 instance 1 vlan 10 instance 2 vlan 20 active region-configuration stp instance 1 root primary stp instance 2 root secondary
system-view sysname LSW2 vlan batch 10 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 stp mode mstp stp region-configuration region-name huawei revision-level 1 instance 1 vlan 10 instance 2 vlan 20 active region-configuration stp instance 2 root primary stp instance 1 root secondary
system-view sysname LSW3 vlan batch 10 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 10 stp edged-port enable interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 port link-type access port default vlan 20 stp edged-port enable stp mode mstp stp region-configuration region-name huawei revision-level 1 instance 1 vlan 10 instance 2 vlan 20 active region-configuration stp bpdu-protection
| 实例 | 根桥 | LSW3 根端口 | LSW3 阻塞端口 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 实例 1(VLAN10) | LSW1(优先级 0) | GE0/0/1(→LSW1) | GE0/0/2(→LSW2) |
| 实例 2(VLAN20) | LSW2(优先级 0) | GE0/0/2(→LSW2) | GE0/0/1(→LSW1) |
| 测试 | 预期 |
|---|---|
| PC1 ping 192.168.22.1 | 通 |
| PC1 ping 100.100.100.2 | 通(AR1 NAT) |
| PC2 ping 100.100.100.2 | 通(AR2 NAT → AR1 → AR3) |
| 断开 LSW3 GE0/0/1 | VLAN10 绕行 LSW3→LSW2→LSW1,业务恢复 |
| 断开 LSW3 GE0/0/2 | VLAN20 绕行 LSW3→LSW1→LSW2,业务恢复 |
总部与分部互通 + 运营商 PPPoE 拨号上网:交换机 VLAN 与链路捆绑、ISIS 接口认证、iBGP Loopback 建邻、PPPoE Client/Server、NAT 出口。
| 设备 | 接口 | 地址 / 配置 |
|---|---|---|
| ISP | GE0/0/0 | PPPoE Server(Virtual-Template1,200.1.1.1/24) |
| ISP | LoopBack0 | 8.8.8.8/32(模拟公网目标) |
| AR1 | GE0/0/0 | PPPoE Client(Dialer0 协商地址) |
| AR1 | GE0/0/1 | 192.168.12.1/24 |
| AR1 | GE0/0/2.100 | 192.168.100.254/24(VLAN100 网关) |
| AR1 | LoopBack0 | 192.168.0.1/32 |
| AR2 | GE0/0/1 | 192.168.12.2/24 |
| AR2 | GE0/0/2.300 | 192.168.30.1/24(VLAN300 网关) |
| AR2 | LoopBack0 | 192.168.0.2/32 |
| PC1 | — | 192.168.100.2/24,网关 .254,VLAN100 |
| PC2 | — | 192.168.200.1/24,无网关,VLAN200 |
| PC3 | — | 192.168.200.2/24,无网关,VLAN200 |
| PC4 | — | 192.168.30.2/24,网关 .1,VLAN300 |
拆解成 6 个考点:
| 设备 | 改动 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| LSW1 | 补 VLAN 100/200、Access/Trunk、Eth-Trunk10 | 原 flash 为空镜像 |
| LSW2 | 补 VLAN 200/300、Access/Trunk、Eth-Trunk10 | 原 flash 为空镜像 |
| ISP | 补 AAA 用户、IP 地址池、Virtual-Template、PPPoE Server 绑定 | 原工程 ISP 连配置目录都没有,PPPoE 起不来 |
| AR1 | 补 dialer-rule + Dialer0 的 dialer-group 1 | 缺 dialer-group 时按需拨号不触发,PPPoE 链路起不来 |
| AR1 | ACL 2000 增加 rule 5 permit source 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 | 原 ACL 只有分部网段,总部自己的终端上不了网 |
system-view sysname ISP aaa local-user user1 password cipher user1 local-user user1 service-type ppp ip pool pppoe network 200.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 gateway-list 200.1.1.1 interface Virtual-Template1 ppp authentication-mode chap remote address pool pppoe ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 pppoe-server bind virtual-template 1 interface LoopBack0 ip address 8.8.8.8 255.255.255.255
system-view sysname AR1 acl number 2000 rule 5 permit source 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 rule 10 permit source 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 isis 10 is-level level-2 cost-style wide network-entity 49.1921.6800.0000.0001.00 dialer-rule dialer-rule 1 ip permit interface Dialer0 link-protocol ppp ppp chap user user1 ppp chap password simple user1 ip address ppp-negotiate dialer user user1 dialer bundle 1 dialer-group 1 nat outbound 2000 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 1 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 isis enable 10 isis circuit-type p2p isis authentication-mode md5 plain zjdx interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2.100 dot1q termination vid 100 ip address 192.168.100.254 255.255.255.0 arp broadcast enable interface LoopBack0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 isis enable 10 bgp 65520 router-id 192.168.0.1 peer 192.168.0.2 as-number 65520 peer 192.168.0.2 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 192.168.0.2 password simple zjdx ipv4-family unicast undo synchronization default-route imported import-route direct import-route static peer 192.168.0.2 enable ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer0
system-view sysname AR2 isis 10 is-level level-2 cost-style wide network-entity 49.1921.6800.1200.0002.00 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0 isis enable 10 isis circuit-type p2p isis authentication-mode md5 plain zjdx interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2.300 dot1q termination vid 300 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 arp broadcast enable interface LoopBack0 ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.255 isis enable 10 bgp 65520 router-id 192.168.0.2 peer 192.168.0.1 as-number 65520 peer 192.168.0.1 connect-interface LoopBack0 peer 192.168.0.1 password simple zjdx ipv4-family unicast undo synchronization network 192.168.30.0 peer 192.168.0.1 enable
system-view sysname LSW1 vlan batch 100 200 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 100 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 200 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 eth-trunk 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5 eth-trunk 10 interface Eth-Trunk10 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 mode lacp-static
system-view sysname LSW2 vlan batch 200 300 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 300 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 200 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 300 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4 eth-trunk 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5 eth-trunk 10 interface Eth-Trunk10 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 mode lacp-static
| 测试 | 预期 |
|---|---|
AR1 display pppoe-client session summary | 会话 Up,获得 200.1.1.x 地址 |
AR1 display ip interface brief Dialer0 | 有协商到的地址,协议 Up |
AR1 display isis peer / AR2 同 | 邻居 Up,Level-2 |
AR1/AR2 display bgp peer | 192.168.0.x Established,AS 65520 |
AR2 display bgp routing-table | 收到 0.0.0.0/0(由 AR1 default-route imported 引入) |
| PC2 ping PC3 | 通(VLAN200 跨交换机二层,经 Eth-Trunk) |
| PC1 ping 8.8.8.8 | 通(AR1 NAT) |
| PC4 ping 8.8.8.8 | 通(AR2 → 默认路由 → AR1 → NAT) |
default-route imported + import-route static 同时存在;也可在 AR2 上直接加 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.12.1 兜底。网关冗余与跨 AS 互通的综合实验:VRRP 主备网关、Eth-Trunk、OSPF 引入直连、三 AS EBGP 互联,全程 IPv4/IPv6 双栈。
| 网段 | 用途 | 分配 |
|---|---|---|
| 10.1.1.0/29 | VLAN10 终端段(VRRP) | VIP 10.1.1.1;SW1 .2;SW2 .3;PC1 .5 |
| 192.168.1.0/24 | VLAN20 终端段 | R2 GE0/0/1.20 = .1;PC2 = .2 |
| 192.168.2.0/24 | 远端分支 | R5 Eth0/0/0 = .1;PC3 = .2 |
| 10.1.100.0/24 | VLAN100:SW1 ↔ R2 | SW1 Vlanif100 = .100;R2 GE0/0/3.100 = .2 |
| 10.1.200.0/24 | VLAN200:SW2 ↔ R2 | SW2 Vlanif200 = .200;R2 GE0/0/1.200 = .2 |
| 10.1.23.0/24 | R2 ↔ R3 | .2 / .3 |
| 10.1.35.0/24 | R3 ↔ R5 | .3 / .5 |
| 240E:1C:D111:1121::/127 | R2 ↔ R3(IPv6) | R2 ::3,R3 ::2 |
| 240E:1C:D111:1122::/127 | R3 ↔ R5(IPv6) | R3 ::2,R5 ::3 |
| 240E:690:A201:10::/126 | PC2 网段(IPv6) | R2 ::1,PC2 ::2 |
| 240E:690:A202:10::/126 | PC3 网段(IPv6) | R5 ::1,PC3 ::2 |
import-route direct;ipv6-family unicast 建邻。| 设备 | 改动 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| R2 | BGP 增加 network 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.248 | 原配置没把 VRRP 网段传给 AS200/AS300,PC1 到 PC3 完全不通 |
| SW1 | 增加 stp root primary | 原拓扑 SW1-SW3-SW2 成环且全默认优先级,SW3 阻塞端口随机,可能绕经 Eth-Trunk |
| SW1 | 增加 vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 60 | 原配置无跟踪:SW1 上联断但仍为 Master,PC1 流量被黑洞 |
| SW2 | 增加 stp root secondary | 与 SW1 配合形成确定的 STP 拓扑 |
| SW2 | 增加 vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 60 | 同上 |
| SW2 | 删除 port-group trunfka | 练习残留的空端口组 |
| SW1/R3 | 修正 description 笔误 | SW1 写成 R2 GE0/0/2(实为 GE0/0/3);R3 多一个 ] |
system-view sysname R2 ipv6 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 description Link-To-R3-GE0/0/0 ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 240E:1C:D111:1121::3/127 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20 description PC2 dot1q termination vid 20 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 240E:690:A201:10::1/126 arp broadcast enable interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.200 dot1q termination vid 200 ip address 10.1.200.2 255.255.255.0 arp broadcast enable interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3.100 dot1q termination vid 100 ip address 10.1.100.2 255.255.255.0 arp broadcast enable interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.1.0.2 255.255.255.255 ospf 1 import-route direct area 0.0.0.0 network 10.1.100.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.1.200.0 0.0.0.255 bgp 100 peer 10.1.23.3 as-number 200 peer 240E:1C:D111:1121::2 as-number 200 ipv4-family unicast undo synchronization network 192.168.1.0 network 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.248 peer 10.1.23.3 enable ipv6-family unicast undo synchronization network 240E:690:A201:10:: 64 peer 240E:1C:D111:1121::2 enable ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 NULL0 ipv6 route-static 240E:690:A201:10:: 64 NULL0
system-view sysname R3 ipv6 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 description Link-To-R2-GE0/0/0 ip address 10.1.23.3 255.255.255.0 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 240E:1C:D111:1121::2/127 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 description Link-To-R5-GE0/0/0 ip address 10.1.35.3 255.255.255.0 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 240E:1C:D111:1122::2/127 interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.1.0.3 255.255.255.255 bgp 200 peer 10.1.23.2 as-number 100 peer 10.1.35.5 as-number 300 peer 240E:1C:D111:1121::3 as-number 100 peer 240E:1C:D111:1122::3 as-number 300 ipv4-family unicast undo synchronization peer 10.1.23.2 enable peer 10.1.35.5 enable ipv6-family unicast undo synchronization peer 240E:1C:D111:1121::3 enable peer 240E:1C:D111:1122::3 enable
system-view sysname R5 ipv6 interface Ethernet0/0/0 description Link-To-PC3 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 240E:690:A202:10::1/126 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 description Link-To-R3-GE0/0/2 ip address 10.1.35.5 255.255.255.0 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 240E:1C:D111:1122::3/127 interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.1.0.5 255.255.255.255 bgp 300 peer 10.1.35.3 as-number 200 peer 240E:1C:D111:1122::2 as-number 200 ipv4-family unicast undo synchronization network 192.168.2.0 peer 10.1.35.3 enable ipv6-family unicast undo synchronization network 240E:690:A202:10:: 64 peer 240E:1C:D111:1122::2 enable ip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 NULL0 ipv6 route-static 240E:690:A202:10:: 64 NULL0
system-view sysname SW1 vlan batch 10 100 interface Ethernet0/0/1 description Link-To-SW3-GE0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 interface Ethernet0/0/21 description Link-To-SW2-ETH0/0/21 eth-trunk 10 interface Ethernet0/0/22 description Link-To-SW2-ETH0/0/22 eth-trunk 10 interface Eth-Trunk10 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 mode lacp-static interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 description Link-To-R2-GE0/0/3 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 interface Vlanif10 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.248 vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 10.1.1.1 vrrp vrid 10 priority 145 vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 60 interface Vlanif100 ip address 10.1.100.100 255.255.255.0 stp root primary ospf 1 import-route direct area 0.0.0.0 network 10.1.100.0 0.0.0.255
system-view sysname SW2 vlan batch 10 20 200 interface Ethernet0/0/1 description Link-To-PC2 port link-type access port default vlan 20 interface Ethernet0/0/2 description Link-To-SW3-GE0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 interface Ethernet0/0/21 description Link-To-SW1-ETH0/0/21 eth-trunk 10 interface Ethernet0/0/22 description Link-To-SW1-ETH0/0/22 eth-trunk 10 interface Eth-Trunk10 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 mode lacp-static interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 description Link-To-R2-GE0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 20 200 interface Vlanif10 ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.248 vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 10.1.1.1 vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 60 interface Vlanif200 ip address 10.1.200.200 255.255.255.0 stp root secondary ospf 1 import-route direct area 0.0.0.0 network 10.1.200.0 0.0.0.255
system-view sysname SW3 vlan batch 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 description Link-To-SW1-ETH0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 description Link-To-SW2-ETH0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24 description Link-To-PC1 port link-type access port default vlan 10
| 检查项 | 命令 | 预期 |
|---|---|---|
| VRRP 主备 | [SW1] display vrrp | State=Master,Priority=145 |
| VRRP 跟踪 | [SW1] display vrrp verbose | Track Interface: GE0/0/1,Reduced 60 |
| 链路聚合 | display eth-trunk 10 | 2 个成员口 Up,LACP |
| STP 根桥 | [SW1] display stp brief | CIST Root 指向自己 |
| OSPF 邻居 | [R2] display ospf peer brief | 与 10.1.100.100、10.1.200.200 均 Full |
| BGP 邻居 | [R2] display bgp peer / display bgp ipv6 peer | Established |
| PC1 → PC2 | ping 192.168.1.2 | 通 |
| PC1 → PC3 | ping 192.168.2.2 | 通(本次补齐后) |
| PC2 → PC3 v6 | ping6 240e:690:a202:10::2 | 通 |
| VRRP 切换 | 关闭 SW1 后继续 ping | SW2 升 Master,业务恢复 |
| 上行故障 | 断开 SW1 GE0/0/1 | SW1 优先级降为 85,SW2 接管 |
| 考点 | mstp11 | 20267月L3 | L3实操 |
|---|---|---|---|
| VLAN + Trunk/Access | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Eth-Trunk 链路捆绑 | — | ✅ LACP | ✅ LACP |
| MSTP 多实例负载分担 | ✅ 双实例 | — | — |
| 边缘端口 / BPDU 保护 | ✅ | — | — |
| dot1q 单臂路由 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| VRRP | — | — | ✅ |
| IGP | OSPF | ISIS | OSPF |
| BGP | — | iBGP 65520 | EBGP 三 AS |
| PPPoE | — | ✅ Client + Server | — |
| NAT | ✅ | ✅ | — |
| IPv6 双栈 | — | — | ✅ |
| 静态 NULL0 黑洞 | — | — | ✅ |
display vlan → display port vlan → display eth-trunk → display stp brief;display ip interface brief 看接口是否 Up/Up,ping 直连对端;display ospf peer / display isis peer,邻居不 Full 先查区域/认证/网络类型;display ip routing-table protocol ospf/isis/static,确认目标网段有路由;display bgp peer(先看 Established)→ display bgp routing-table(再看有没有路由)→ 检查 network 是否有对应的精确前缀在路由表中;display nat session all、display pppoe-client session summary;| 易错点 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| MSTP 域配置不一致 | 三台交换机的 region-name、revision-level、实例映射必须完全相同,差一个字就分属不同域 |
stp root primary 与 stp instance X root primary | 前者只作用于实例 0(CIST),多实例必须写 stp instance 1 root primary |
stp bpdu-protection 是全局命令 | 配在系统视图,不是接口视图;接口侧是 stp edged-port enable |
| VRRP 优先级范围 | 0–255,数值越大越优先;root/primary 那种是 STP 的写法 |
import-route direct 与 network 混用 | 同一网段可能同时产生区域内和外部路由,区域内优先,功能无碍但不规范 |
IPv6 的 /64 宣告 | 接口是 /126 时,network ... 64 需要一条 /64 的 NULL0 静态路由兜底,否则宣告不出来 |
| PPPoE 客户端 | 只有 pppoe-client dial-bundle-number 不够,Dialer 口必须有 dialer-group,且全局要有 dialer-rule |
| ACL 匹配方向 | NAT 的 ACL 匹配的是内网源地址,配反了表现为"能通但抓不到会话"或完全不通 |